Topic 4
Narrative tenses: Past Continuous, Past Perfect, used to
O‘tmishdagi voqealarni hikoya qilish: fon, ketma-ketlik, odat.
Past Continuous — fon
was / were + V-ing — o‘tmishdagi paytda davom etayotgan harakat. Ko‘pincha Past Simple’dagi qisqa voqea uni «bo‘ladi»: I was reading when the lights went out.
while — ikki parallel davomli harakat: While she was cooking, he was watching TV.
Past Perfect — oldinroq
had + V3 — o‘tmishdagi boshqa voqeadan oldin tugagan harakat: When we arrived, the film had already started. Belgilari: already, by the time, before, after, never … before.
Past Perfect Continuous — had been + V-ing: oldinroq boshlanib, davom etib kelgan harakat: She was tired because she had been running.
used to va would
used to + V — o‘tmishdagi odat yoki holat, hozir yo‘q: I used to live in Bukhara. would faqat takrorlangan harakat uchun (holat uchun emas): Every summer we would go to the mountains.
Adashtirmang: be used to + V-ing — biror narsaga o‘rganib qolgan: I’m used to getting up early.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xato
Ikki o‘tmish voqeaning ketma-ketligini ko‘rsatmaslik: When I arrived, she left (men kelganimdan keyin ketdi) va she had left (men kelganimda allaqachon ketgan edi) — ma’nosi boshqa.