Past Simple va Present Perfect

Past Simple

O‘tmishda tugagan va vaqti aniq harakat: I visited Tashkent last year.

To‘g‘ri fe’llarga -ed qo‘shiladi (work → worked, live → lived), noto‘g‘ri fe’llar esa ikkinchi shaklda keladi:

• go → went → gone;
• see → saw → seen;
• write → wrote → written;
• take → took → taken;
• begin → began → begun.

Inkor va so‘roqda did ishlatiladi, asosiy fe’l asl shaklga qaytadi: I did not go. Did you go? — Did you went? emas.

Present Perfect

Tuzilishi: have / has + V3 (uchinchi shakl).

Harakat o‘tmishda bo‘lgan, lekin vaqti muhim emas yoki natijasi hozir seziladi:

I have lost my key. — kalit hozir ham yo‘q.
She has never been to London. — hayoti davomida hech qachon.

Ikkalasini qanday ajratish kerak

Gapdagi vaqt ko‘rsatkichiga qarang:

• Past Simple: yesterday, last week, in 2010, two days ago, when I was a child;
• Present Perfect: already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, since 2010, for three years.

since va for ni adashtirmang: since — boshlanish nuqtasi (since Monday), for — davomiylik (for two hours).

Ko‘p uchraydigan xato

Aniq o‘tmish vaqti bilan Present Perfect ishlatish: I have seen him yesterday — noto‘g‘ri. Yesterday bor ekan, Past Simple kerak: I saw him yesterday.