Reported speech

Zamon bir qadam orqaga

Kiritish fe’li o‘tmishda bo‘lsa (said, told), zamon odatda siljiydi:

• Present Simple → Past Simple: «I like tea» → She said she liked tea.
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous;
• Past Simple / Present Perfect → Past Perfect;
• will → would, can → could, must → had to.

O‘rin va vaqt so‘zlari ham o‘zgaradi: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, yesterday → the day before, here → there.

O‘zgarmas haqiqat siljimasligi mumkin: He said the Earth goes round the Sun.

say va tell

say (that)… — kishisiz; tell somebody (that)… — kimga ekani aytiladi: She told me that…

So‘roq va buyruq

So‘roqda so‘z tartibi darak gapdagidek: «Where do you live?» → He asked where I lived. Ha/yo‘q so‘rog‘ida — if / whether.

Buyruq — told / asked + somebody + (not) to + V: «Don’t be late!» → She told us not to be late.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xato

So‘roq tartibini saqlab qolish: He asked where did I live — noto‘g‘ri.