Modal fe’llar va shart gaplar

Modal fe’llar

Ular asosiy fe’lga qo‘shimcha ma’no beradi: imkoniyat, majburiyat, ruxsat, maslahat. Uchta muhim xususiyati bor:

• uchinchi shaxs birlikda -s olmaydi (he can, he cans emas);
• ulardan keyin fe’l to‘siz asosiy shaklda keladi (can swim, can to swim emas);
• inkor va so‘roqda do/does kerak emas (Can you…?).

Ma’nolari:

• can / could — qobiliyat va imkoniyat. could — can ning o‘tgan zamon shakli: I could swim when I was five.;
• must — kuchli majburiyat, qoida yoki qonun: You must wear a helmet.;
• have to — tashqi sharoit majbur qiladi: I have to work on Saturday.;
• should — maslahat: You should see a doctor.;
• may / might — ehtimol va ruxsat: May I open the window?

Shart gaplar (Conditionals)

Zero Conditional — har doim to‘g‘ri bo‘ladigan haqiqat:
If + Present Simple, Present Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.

First Conditional — kelajakdagi real ehtimol:
If + Present Simple, will + V1
If it rains, I will stay at home.

Second Conditional — hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi noreal, xayoliy holat:
If + Past Simple, would + V1
If I were rich, I would travel the world.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xato

if qismida will ishlatish: If it will rain… — noto‘g‘ri. Shart qismida hech qachon will turmaydi.

Second Conditional'da be fe’li barcha shaxslar uchun were bo‘ladi: If I were you…